Seven Impacts

My thinking is consolidating around seven impacts that are significantly changing how we integrate information technology into our educational environments.  These are disruptive change forces.   I want to explore this in more depth in future posts, but for now, here is the introduction:

1. Trust
2. Consumerization
3. Sourcing
4. Big Data and Big Content
5. Storage
6. Cloud
7. Mobility

A brief definition of each is useful:

Trust

There is a crisis of trust in higher education.  Employers do not trust that our graduates are adequately prepared for the workplace.   This perception is not limited to undergraduate degrees (see the New York Times on legal education).  Parents question the investment needed to get students through college.  Students are concerned about the amount of debt compared to the employment value of their degree.  We see an increase in state and national mandates for data reporting, with funding linked to graduation rates.  In some cases, this translates into new mandates for reporting data to external agencies in new formats and using new methods.

While this crisis of trust expands externally, we also feel internal pressures.  As students, parents and legislators ask "Why is the cost of tuition so high?", we ask this question internally of our own operations.  Our universities are increasingly asking, "Why is the cost of technology, software, hardware, and networks, and the provision of these services, so high?"  We need to be able to answer questions that come from external and internal sources.

For technology organizations, we use established standards and protocols so that we can clearly explain costs and provide transparency to our budgets and processes.  We use the Project Management Body of Knowledge and the Information Technology Infrastructure Library to clearly manage and communicate our projects and services.  We create strong governance models to make sure our projects align with the university mission and strategic goals.  We respond with measures about accountability and efficiency.

BUT.... that leads us to Impact 2:

Consumerization

While we try to create an orderly, transparent and accountable structure for the IT organization, the campus community is "going shopping."  There's no IT strategic plan for that app that someone wants to purchase.  We are increasingly dealing with individual decisions that do not scale and do not provide the accountability or efficiency we need to deal with the trust issues.  Consumerization is more than discussion about the impact of iPads and BYOD (bring your own device).  We need to include conversations about how decisions are made, particularly for procurement, planned support models and scalability.

Sourcing

That brings us to sourcing models.  We are using a right-sourcing model that utilizes many different sourcing paths:

• Traditional competitive procurement with vendor-supported solutions
• Traditional internal development
• Open source
• Community source
• Individually selected (either through a BYOD model or a university funded model)
• Freemium

Combine the above with the device proliferation we are experiencing and we have many platform configurations to handle, such as:

• Individually owned devices with a mix of personally purchased applications and university purchased applications.
• University owned devices with a mix of personally purchased applications and university purchased applications.

Big Data and Big Content

"Big Data" is characterized by data sets so large that the traditional activities around capture, storage, search, sharing, analytics, security and visualization are difficult.  I'm thinking there's another corollary to Big Data that I'll call "Big Content."  A sample of that type of content may be in this request we received:

One of our doctoral students is using a large number of photos in his dissertation. It is about half written at this point, and is 442.3 MB.  The faculty adviser just wrote to us looking for a way to both work on it (so the adviser can comment and edit and the doctoral student can continue to work on the same document). The dissertation will include embedded links to original music composition and will perform as part of the analysis and findings.   Also included are visual images that he created so that the color and light in the photos are important qualities in the image, from an artistic perspective and cannot be downgraded.


Big Data and Big Content require new tools and technologies to manage, but also, we need to think differently about how we interact and present in these environments.  We are still trying to make things fit into files and pages.  We need to rethink the environment and move beyond the boundaries presented by files and pages.  The interaction needs to be interactive and immersive;  I perceive as more like moving through a current role-based online game rather than reading a book.  Even our e-books need to be redesigned for a different approach that is more suited to the technology.  It is an experience and the experience must be emphasized or enhanced.  Experience is also constrained by our traditional campus time-management tools; experience doesn't know the boundaries of term and academic year.  A side read to prep us for rethinking and the depth of change:  Planned Obsolescence:  Publishing, Technology and the Future of the Academy

(Thanks, Catherine Yang, for sharing).

Storage

If we have Big Data and Big Content, where will we put it all?  And we have to recognize the growth of visual content and the space needed; the Art Exhibit of the Day (thanks, Mark Zocher, San Diego, for sharing) recently brought this to some understanding with an exhibit of printing photos.  How will we store it all?  Where will we store it all?  And how will we preserve what we've stored?  IBM recently announced the Yellowstone Project to support research into weather, climate, oceanography and related fields.   What does disaster recovery look like when you have a computer capable of 1.6 petaflops?  This is not about scalability of recovery, but about rethinking what recovery means.

Cloud

The concept of cloud computing will provide some solutions, and will give us a variety of agile and effective choices.  There are issues with labeling and understanding Software as a Service, hosted solutions, Information as a Service, Infrastructure as a Service, cloud storage, purchased computing cycles, and all the permutations of what we can buy.  Join the cloud concepts with the trends for consumerization and sourcing models, and we have a very complex technology model to build and manage - all within the model for building trust.

Mobility

We are operating in orbit.  Our data, our content, our devices, and the faculty, staff and students using all components, are all in motion, and may be on different orbiting paths.  Adding motion to the complex technology model previously described is yet another layer of complexity.  If everything is in motion, then the expectation is for access over wireless networks, and I've written about those challenges already.  The growth of the "mobile only" generation, that group that never or infrequently uses desktop Internet, will further push us to rethink what we deliver and how we deliver content and services.  There has to be "real value by being relevant in a mobile moment."  That means segmentation of content, data and services, full utilization of communications streams, and provision based on location-aware and context-aware technologies.

How does all of this impact us?

We need different technology solutions.  We need different tools and maybe tools that haven't been invented yet.  We need to move away from place-centric thinking and consider the impact of motion.  We need to approach procurement and solution selection differently.  We need to rethink the learning experience involving data and content and unconstrained by terms and academic year.  We need to quickly identify and remove obstacles.  We need to enhance agility.  We need to change our organizations and our human resource structures.

I need to keep working at this to wrap my brain around the full picture.

This is a fresh summary of ideas originally presented at the Fall ACM SIGUCCS Management Symposium, San Diego, November 2011.

Wireless Networking Challenges

There has been a convergence of talk about the challenges of wireless.  The scatter-points are:

• Growing, feeding and managing wireless networks on our campuses, as discussed at the October Educause conference.
• Some additional chatter at the ACM SIGUCCS conference, which is just starting in San Diego.  The focus here is on service provision.
• CIO discussion on the Educause constituent group list about supporting drop-in and walk-thru wireless access by non-identified community visitors.  Many campuses feel they cannot support casual drop-in use by unknown campus visitors due to cost and regulatory requirements, while other campuses feel that to not provide such access means to be left behind in the market.
• Lowell McAdam, chief executive of Verizon Communications, wrote an Op-Ed piece for the New York times describing the need to reallocate wireless spectrum to meet telecom wireless capacity demands:  https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/opinion/wireless-spectrum-should-be-reallocated.html?_r=1
• Joe Sharkey writing in the New York Times about the problems with hotel ISP iBahn keeping up with demand generated by iPads and iPhones:  https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/business/ipads-change-economics-and-speed-of-hotel-wi-fi-on-the-road.html?ref=joesharkey
• Gartner predicts the number of iPads sold to reach 100 million by 2012.
• Network Neutrality is generating more political talk.  What if tiered-pricing models become the norm?  We see this type of pricing growing in hotels.

Challenge:  How do we grow and maintain the campus wireless network in a way that meets the service expectations of students, faculty and staff, and meets the objectives for mobility?  As devices proliferate, and service expectations grow, we expect demand for wireless network access to grow.  If we continue to grow mobile services, we need to plan network accessibility accordingly. 

A short summary of the issues:
There are two types of wireless in use:  cellular data plans (3G / 4G service) and wi-fi, such as what we provide on campus and what hotels and conferences provide when we travel.
Will we continue to use both on our campuses?  Or do we move to BYON?
There is enormous wireless growth due to iPads, iPhones, video and the proliferation of devices an individual carries.
Devices and services are using more bandwidth. Voice and video are big bandwidth consumers.
Cellular providers are having difficulty meeting growth due to lack of wireless spectrum.
Local wi-fi providers are having to expand access points, increasing costs.
Events, such as conferences, come with pervasive wireless coverage expectation.
The wireless technology itself is limited by current technology capabilities and physics.

We need to be aware:
When our community complains about "slow wireless" or "no wireless available" or "need more for a conference", that translates into costs.  The only response is to increase wireless access point density by adding more access points. 
If we are going to deliver services and educational content via wireless, can we expect our students to receive the content?  What if content delivery moves to a tiered-pricing model?
Access points have a life of about 3-5 years, so this is an ongoing budget renewal item.
More access points means greater aggregation at wired points, translating to purchasing bigger and more costly building network electronics and a more costly infrastructure.  For many campuses, this also means purchasing more bandwidth capacity.
If costs are increasing, as the CIO, I feel the need to restrict the service to those who pay for it, and not give it away to guests and visitors.
All of this translates to a growing network budget.  This ultimately contributes to the higher cost of education.

Conferees, Discussers and Commenters Wanted

I like to think about information technology and what we do with information technology, particularly when our use of technology brings about change.  Change is interesting and exciting. At times change is also fatiguing and discouraging.  I like to share ideas about technology and change, and hopefully you do, too.  I'm starting this blog to engage in discussion.  A good place to start is by listing my values:

• I value discussion and flowing ideas.
• I value diverse perspectives.
• I like to organize, synthesize and restructure ideas.
• I value change, because I believe that we can use change to make learning and education, and ultimately the world, better.